Why are we surprised that Iran is
exporting arms to Iraq?
There
are two layers to this question, which is popping up on TV screens
this weekend. One is the
geopolitical layer; the other is the simple-tracing-of-facts
layer.
Starting with the latter, Reuters reported in February
that Iraq and Iran signed an arms deal in November of 2013, right after Nouri al-Maliki got home from a
visit to Washington (during which he petitioned Obama for more arms to fight off
the “ISIS” insurgency waging war across Syria and
western Iraq).
The
ISIS insurgency – “Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham” – is often rendered “ISIL”
in English, for Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. In either case, the territorial
reference is to Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. The insurgents are Sunni jihadists, and
their principal focus at the moment has been scoped by the Syrian civil war, in
which they are fighting the Assad regime.
Most of the ISIS guerrillas come from abroad; a major contingent of them
is from the Chechen Caucasus, where Islamist insurgents have waged a war against
Russian rule for nearly a quarter century now. (For more on all this, see the last link
above to my January 2014 post. The
map shows the corridor between Syria and Baghdad where the ISIS insurgency has
sought to plant roots.)
The
bottom line is that ISIS is fighting to gain control of territory over which
radical Iran wants control herself.
Iraq, under the current government, has no interest in wielding an
outsize influence over her neighbors to the west; the priority in Baghdad is
reestablishing control over Anbar Province. But the larger aspirations of ISIS clash
directly with those of the mullahs in Tehran.