The Shi'ite-Sunni
conflict is the most deadly and unsolvable conflict in the MIddle East
and it is between Muslims. It is, for example, the basis for the great
hostility between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
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Dr.
Mordechai Kedar is a senior lecturer in the Department of Arabic at
Bar-Ilan University. He served in IDF Military Intelligence for 25
years, specializing in Arab political discourse, Arab mass media,
Islamic groups and the Syrian domestic arena.
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In
the past, there have been attempts to mediate and reconcile the two
streams of Islam, but the all-out war being conducted in Syria for the
past three years has shuffled all the cards.
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This week, on the tenth of the month of
Muharram, the first month of the Hijri calendar, is
Ashura,
which at first was akin to the Jewish Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur,
occurring on a similar date. However, over the years, this day has
become a memorial day for Hussein bin Ali, leader of the Shi'ite sect,
who was executed by the army of the Sunni regime in southern Iraq in the
year 680 CE, 1333 years ago.
He was decapitated and his head was
ceremoniously brought to Damascus as proof that the deed had been
carried out. Caliph Yazid bin Muawiyah placed Hussein's head on his
table and left it there for a month, so that all could see the fate that
befalls a rebel and would be deterred from behaving as he did.
The
fact that Hussein was the grandson of Mohammad the prophet of Islam did
not prevent the caliph from treating Hussein's head in this manner.
What
is the cause of the Shi'ite-Sunni conflict? Why the terrible cruelty
that has been characteristic of this conflict even until today?
The
story begins in the year 632, the moment that Muhammad died.
Immediately upon his death the struggle began over who would succeed to
the most powerful position in Islam - the office of Caliph, Muhammad's
replacement and the leader of Islam.